Glossary
Dependencies and impacts
Dependencies are the aspects of nature a business relies on; impacts are changes in the state of nature that a business causes, positive or negative.
Every business both depends on nature, for example on clean water, fertile soil, pollination or flood protection, and impacts it, through pressures like land use, pollution and emissions. Nature-related risks arise from both: dependencies create exposure when ecosystems degrade, and impacts create regulatory, legal and reputational risk. This distinction is fundamental to TNFD and ESRS E4.